Loading…
Loading…
Market Data
A running log of merchant CO₂ supply disruptions and additions across the United States, with a source for every entry.
This page is a running log of US merchant CO₂ supply events: ammonia and ethanol plant outages, pipeline incidents, allocation notices from distributors, production cuts at beverage plants, and new capacity coming online. It is compiled weekly from public sources, and every event links to the source it was taken from so you can check it yourself.
It is not a price index and not a forecast. Nothing here predicts the next shortage. It records what public sources reported, when, and where, so a buyer weighing a second supplier or a new source can see the pattern for themselves.
28 of 28 events
Summit Carbon Solutions told the North Dakota Supreme Court that it will not develop the Summit #1 and Summit #2 underground CO2 storage facilities, leaving two of its three permitted North Dakota storage areas. Summit is continuing its appeal over the third area, Summit #3, where the company says it holds about 98% of the pore space rights. Summit plans to send captured CO2 to a storage site in Wyoming instead.
Unknown · KFYR-TV, Aug 31, 2026
CF Industries, JERA and Mitsui broke ground on Blue Point One, a 1.4 million metric ton per year low-carbon ammonia plant at Modeste in Ascension Parish, Louisiana. The partners expect production to begin in 2029 and say the plant will capture and permanently sequester 98% of the CO2 generated in production. A joint venture of 1PointFive and Enbridge will transport and sequester the CO2.
Unknown · CF Industries newsroom, Aug 26, 2026
Growth Energy's weekly EIA analysis put ethanol production at 17.0 BGY, up 2.1% on the week, with 1,236 MGY of capacity shut down at 24 plants for other than maintenance. Idle fermentation capacity is idle CO2 feedstock, so this line is the standing baseline for how much ethanol-sourced CO2 is off the market.
Unknown · Growth Energy, Aug 26, 2026
On its Q2 2026 call CF Industries said the Yazoo City, Mississippi complex restart moved to the first half of 2027 from a prior late 2026 estimate, citing extended procurement timelines for electrical equipment. The Q2 8-K describes an ongoing outage at the complex since the November 2025 incident. A large Southeast nitrogen complex stays offline through the 2027 spring season.
Supply reduced · Motley Fool transcript of CF Industries Q2 2026 call, Aug 6, 2026
PureField launched a carbon capture and sequestration facility that captures fermentation CO2 at its Russell, Kansas plant, compresses it and pipes it to a Class VI well for permanent storage, with capacity of 150,000 tonnes per year. The source does not say whether any of this CO2 was previously sold to the merchant market. Sequestration of ethanol CO2 under 45Q is one of the structural pulls on merchant supply that end users track.
Unknown · Carbon Herald, Aug 3, 2026
CVR Partners' Q2 2026 release cited the upcoming planned six-week turnaround at East Dubuque, which is expected to begin in August, with third quarter ammonia utilization expected at 75 to 80%. The company also plans to complete a brownfield ammonia expansion of about 5% during the outage. The East Dubuque ammonia unit is rated 1,075 tons per day.
Supply reduced · CVR Partners Q2 2026 results, Jul 29, 2026
Nutrien's Q2 2026 results filed with the SEC state that nitrogen sales volume guidance reflects the completion of planned turnarounds in the third quarter of 2026 and higher ammonia operating rates in the fourth quarter compared to the prior year. Nutrien also said global nitrogen fundamentals should stay tight in the second half of 2026 on trade flow disruptions, production outages and elevated energy prices.
Supply reduced · Nutrien Q2 2026 results (SEC Form 6-K exhibit), Aug 5, 2026
CF Industries said on its Q2 2026 call that Ammonia 6 at Donaldsonville, which is effectively two ammonia plants, went through a turnaround that began in June and ran through July. Management stated it expects overall CO2 to be lower throughout the Donaldsonville facility this year primarily because of the turnarounds that took place there. Donaldsonville is the largest ammonia complex in the country and a major Gulf Coast CO2 source.
Supply reduced · Motley Fool transcript of CF Industries Q2 2026 call, Aug 6, 2026
CRU's BCInsight reported that CF Industries delayed a planned multi-week maintenance turnaround at its Donaldsonville, Louisiana complex in response to the supply disruption caused by the Strait of Hormuz closure, making about 100,000 tonnes of additional granular urea available to US customers for spring application. CF was running at 97% ammonia utilization with limited room to raise output. The deferral kept byproduct CO2 flowing in spring and shifted the outage into summer.
Unknown · CRU BCInsight, May 20, 2026
KQED reported that the Valero Benicia refinery stopped refining crude oil in April 2026, with the state negotiating to use the idled site to store and move imported fuel. A July 2025 dry ice supplier analysis listed an on-site Linde CO2 recovery unit at Benicia of roughly 200 metric tons per day under refinery shutdowns and CO2 feedstock loss, so the closure removes a Northern California CO2 source.
Supply reduced · KQED, Apr 30, 2026
On its Q1 2026 call LSB said the El Dorado ammonia turnaround was underway with completion expected by the end of the second quarter, that the outage is expected to impact ammonia production by approximately 35 thousand tons, and that downstream plants would run on built inventory during most of the outage. LSB's February 2026 outlook had flagged about 60,000 tons of 2026 ammonia turnaround impact across El Dorado, Pryor and Cherokee versus no planned turnarounds in 2025.
Supply reduced · Motley Fool transcript of LSB Industries Q1 2026 call, Apr 30, 2026
CF Industries' Q1 2026 results state that a large majority of ammonia and urea shipments have been unable to transit the Strait of Hormuz and that a significant amount of nitrogen capacity in the region has been curtailed or shut down, while CF operated at 99% of available gross ammonia capacity. farmdoc daily dated the start of the disruption to late February 2026. The shock pushed US producers to defer maintenance, which matters because ammonia turnarounds are the main seasonal driver of CO2 tightness.
Unknown · CF Industries Q1 2026 results (SEC Form 8-K exhibit), May 6, 2026
LSB's fourth quarter 2025 release stated that its 2026 ammonia production and product sales forecast reflects turnaround activity at the El Dorado, Pryor and Cherokee facilities, versus no planned turnarounds in 2025, with an ammonia turnaround impact of about 60,000 tons and a UAN impact of about 50,000 tons. Ammonia production guidance was 780,000 to 810,000 tons against 826,000 tons in 2025.
Supply reduced · LSB Industries Q4 2025 results (SEC Form 8-K exhibit), Feb 25, 2026
Growth Energy's analysis of EIA data for the week ending January 30, 2026 showed ethanol production at 14.7 BGY, down 14.2% versus the prior week, with Midwest production down 14.5%. The report said the large decreases are likely related to winter weather and high natural gas prices, and noted 1,258 MGY of capacity shut down at 25 plants for other than maintenance. Fermentation CO2 recovery falls with ethanol output.
Supply reduced · Growth Energy, Jan 30, 2026
Packaging Dive reported that tight CO2 supply is squeezing dry ice, with two California CO2 plants closing by year-end 2025 and a third by April 2026, a loss of nearly 850 tons per day, while US CO2 capacity has grown only about 0.3% a year against roughly 5% annual dry ice demand growth. Intelligas Consulting said five plants of 300 tons per day each must be added by 2030 to meet demand.
Supply reduced · Packaging Dive, Dec 15, 2025
Green Plains announced that biogenic CO2 from its Central City, Wood River and York, Nebraska plants is now being captured, transported on the Trailblazer pipeline and permanently sequestered at Tallgrass' southeast Wyoming hub, and that it received a first 45Z credit payment of about $14 million. The release does not state whether any of this CO2 was previously sold to merchant buyers.
Unknown · Green Plains investor news, Dec 8, 2025
An explosion at the CF Industries complex on Highway 49 East in Yazoo County around 4:25 p.m. on November 5, 2025 prompted evacuations and shelter-in-place orders. CF said all employees and contractors were accounted for, the facility's ammonia plant remained in operation and its ammonia storage tanks were not affected. CF's later SEC filings describe an ongoing outage at the complex as a result of the incident.
Supply reduced · WLBT, Nov 5, 2025
Phillips 66 said the final waterborne crude arrived September 30, the final crude processing date was expected around October 16, and remaining units would be idled in a phased manner through the end of 2025. The Brewers Association's October 2025 advisory listed refinery closings in California among the commercial CO2 sources being removed from the market.
Supply reduced · Phillips 66 investor news, Oct 1, 2025
The Brewers Association's technical brewing projects director wrote that permanent and temporary closures and disruptions of major sources of commercial CO2 have left many brewers in California facing force majeure clauses in their contracts that allow severe allocations and increased pricing. The piece named refinery closings in California and plans to sequester CO2 from ethanol production and natural wells such as the Jackson Dome as sources being removed from the market.
Allocation · Brewers Association, Oct 8, 2025
CVR Partners said fourth quarter 2025 results were impacted by a 32-day planned turnaround at its Coffeyville, Kansas fertilizer plant followed by subsequent downtime due to three weeks of startup issues at the third-party air separation plant. Ammonia utilization was 64% for the quarter, and the company produced 140,000 tons of ammonia versus 210,000 tons a year earlier.
Supply reduced · CVR Partners Q4 2025 results, Feb 18, 2026
Reliant Holdings announced a new liquid CO2 and dry ice plant at Dyno Nobel's Cheyenne manufacturing site that captures CO2 from the ammonia operation for food, beverage and industrial gas markets, with the grand opening scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2025. Cowboy State Daily reported the plant would employ about 15 people on site and that Reliant said the investment ensures a supply of CO2 and dry ice in the Rocky Mountain region.
Supply added · Reliant Holdings, Aug 15, 2025
Solvent Direct, a dry ice supplier, wrote that a wave of confirmed shutdowns across West Coast refineries is placing immediate pressure on the national CO2 supply chain, listing Valero Benicia's on-site Linde CO2 recovery of roughly 200 metric tons per day under refinery shutdowns and CO2 feedstock loss. It described force majeure conditions triggering allocation protocols that throttle supply lines and limit the volume any distributor or bulk facility can procure. This is vendor commentary, not a supplier notice.
Allocation · Solvent Direct, Jul 28, 2025
CF Industries announced start-up of the CO2 dehydration and compression facility at its Donaldsonville complex, enabling transport and permanent sequestration by ExxonMobil of up to 2 million metric tons of CO2 a year that would otherwise have been emitted, with interim storage through enhanced oil recovery. The project earns 45Q credits. The release frames the CO2 as previously vented rather than sold, so the merchant effect is not stated.
Unknown · CF Industries newsroom, Jul 14, 2025
Linde announced a second CO2 liquefaction plant at its Freeport, Texas complex that will double the site's CO2 production capacity, liquefying crude CO2 captured from MEGlobal America's Oyster Creek ethylene glycol facility, with startup in 2027. Linde said the capacity will serve beverage carbonation, food preservation, dry ice and other applications. Relief is scheduled, not immediate.
Supply added · Process Worldwide, Jun 10, 2025
Growth Energy's analysis of EIA data for the week ending June 6, 2025 reported ethanol production of 17.2 BGY, a weekly production record, alongside 1,258 MGY of capacity shut down at 25 ethanol plants for other than maintenance. This is the starting baseline for the tracker: fermentation CO2 feedstock was at a peak even as a fixed block of capacity stayed idle.
Unknown · Growth Energy, Jun 6, 2025
TIME reported that the Brewers Association identified maintenance shutdowns of CO2 plants alongside summer demand as the primary causes of the 2022 shortage, with industry groups expecting no relief until at least October when scheduled maintenance at CO2 industrial facilities was expected to be complete. Denbury called the Jackson Dome quality issue minor and said its product met specifications. Night Shift Brewing cut twelve jobs.
Supply reduced · TIME, Sep 22, 2022
The Spokesman-Review reported that CO2 in the Jackson Dome, an extinct volcano reservoir about 2,900 feet beneath Jackson, Mississippi, became contaminated by gas from a nearby mine over the summer of 2022, and that the Brewers Association's president called CO2 a key ingredient. Local brewers said they were drawing on the same local source and absorbing higher costs.
Supply reduced · The Spokesman-Review, Sep 22, 2022
NBC News reported that Night Shift Brewing cited the CO2 shortage as the reason it was suspending operations at its longtime Everett facility and outsourcing to nearby locations, and that a dozen or more Massachusetts breweries faced the same shortages. The report tied the crisis to contamination reports at Jackson Dome, pandemic-era supplier shutdowns and summer maintenance; Denbury disputed that any contamination had occurred and said the CO2 met contractual specifications.
Supply reduced · NBC News, Aug 3, 2022
Where the CO₂ comes from decides how it fails. Ammonia-source CO₂ is a byproduct of fertilizer production. It is the largest share of US merchant supply, it comes from a small number of very large plants, and it goes away in big blocks when one of them takes a turnaround or follows fertilizer margins down. Ethanol-source CO₂ comes from fermentation at corn ethanol plants. There are many more of them and each is smaller, but they idle together on margins and on seasonal maintenance, and they sit in the Midwest, far from the coasts. Other sources include refinery hydrogen units, natural CO₂ domes, and biogenic capture at biogas and digester sites. The last group is small today and is where most new supply is being built.
Every entry is tagged with one of the event types below, an impact, and a status. Ongoing means the latest source we found still describes the event as active. Resolved means a source reported a restart or a lifted allocation. Unknown means no source has said either way.
Each weekly refresh reads these. Some are paywalled; where a paywalled source is the only one, the entry links to it anyway and says so in the source name.
Most US merchant CO₂ is a byproduct. Ammonia plants make hydrogen from natural gas, and the process gives off a concentrated CO₂ stream that gas companies capture and purify. When the ammonia plant stops for maintenance, the CO₂ stops with it. A handful of Gulf Coast and Midwest plants supply a large share of the market, so one turnaround can leave distributors short across several states at once.
Beverage grade CO₂ has to meet the ISBT specification: 99.9% minimum purity and limits on more than 20 trace contaminants, backed by a certificate of analysis on every batch. When supply gets tight, some of the molecules that appear are from sources that cannot meet that specification without extra purification. A bottler cannot use them, so the beverage market feels a shortage before the industrial market does, and it recovers later.
Weekly. Each refresh checks the sources listed on this page for the previous eight days, adds any new event with its source link, and updates the status of events that a source reports as resolved. The last checked date sits at the top of the page.
Send it through the contact page with a link to a public source. We only log events that a public source supports, so a press release, regulator filing, trade press article or a company statement is what we need. Corrections get the same treatment. Report an event.
The options for a beverage producer, and what beverage grade certification requires from each, are laid out on two pages.